RESEARCH PAPER
Problems of Conservation and Repair of the Wall Cappings of Janowiec Castle on the Vistula
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1
Wydział Budownictwa i Architektury, Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin, Poland, Polska
2
Wydział Budownictwa i Architektury, Politechnika Lubelska, Polska
Submission date: 2025-08-25
Acceptance date: 2026-01-07
Publication date: 2026-01-07
Corresponding author
Bartosz Szostak
Wydział Budownictwa i Architektury, Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin, Poland, Polska
Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz 2025;(25)
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ABSTRACT
The wall tops are the most exposed elements to destructive atmospheric and biological factors, which in the case of Janowiec Castle, constructed mainly of calcareous opoka, leads to accelerated degradation. The authors present the development of conservation methods – from historical attempts using turf or epoxy resins, through techno-biological solutions, to contemporary techniques based on superstructures, injections, and waterproofing.
The history of the castle is outlined, from its construction in the 16th century as the Firlej family residence, through wartime destruction and later utilitarian use, to the safeguarding works undertaken since the 1970s. The importance of conserving ruins with minimal intervention in the original fabric is emphasized.
The technical assessment revealed severe damage: erosion of the opoka stone, mortar losses, biological corrosion, frost and salt deterioration, as well as negative effects of earlier repairs executed with cement mortars. A comparison of documentation from 2010 and 2025 demonstrates progressive degradation and an increased threat to the structural stability of the walls and to visitor safety.
In the design section, comprehensive solutions are proposed: rebuilding and strengthening injections, quartzite superstructures with waterproofing, and protective measures using lead sheets and ceramic elements. The recommended methods are those already tested at Janowiec, combining technical effectiveness with the preservation of authenticity and historical legibility of the structure.
In conclusion, the authors highlight the necessity of implementing an integrated conservation program encompassing repairs, continuous monitoring, and systematic maintenance to ensure the long-term protection of this exceptional monument.